Each blockchain can use layer 2 solutions to scale itself. Cosmos network will have many blockchains which can communicate with each other. Cosmos network does not want to be limited by the TPS of a single blockchain. To support the global financial system it will take a lot more than 100K TPS. With a variety of layer 2 solutions Ethereum aims to bring transaction speed to 100K TPS. With 64 shards the transaction speed of Ethereum will be around 1000 TPS. 5s faster than the current block time of 12.5s. The block time in Ethereum will be 12s after migrating to PoS which is just. ![]() Sharding is a known method to horizontally scale the database. By limiting the number of validators the total number of network communications between validators gets fixed.Įthereum 2.0 (PoS based) is solving scalability by using using 64 shard chains. Tendermint limits the number of validator nodes to a specific number which can be set by the users of the network. To support high TPS in a PoS network you will have to compromise on decentralisation to reduce network latency. When targeting high TPS this can be a bottle neck because it will require nodes to have very good CPU configuration and low network latency. Validating smart contract transactions can be expensive since each node has to run the whole code execution to determine the final state of the transaction. On top of the network latency there is the time and cost of validating each transaction. To validate each block each validator communicates with the whole network so latency is proportional to nC2 where N is the number of validators. Communication between nodes is limited by physical laws (speed of transmission, packet size) which brings latency. PoS needs validators to validate blocks and broadcast their vote for validity of the new block to the network. PoS does not solve scalability of blockchains. Many PoS chains are already live including CosmosHub. Ethereum is now migrating from PoW to PoS. Proof of stake (PoS) is another consensus algorithm which is much more energy efficient than PoW. To determine the longest chain you have to wait for the chain you are following to be longer than other competing chains. Finality is probabilistic because PoW follows the longest chain. This limit along with probabilistic finality makes the Bitcoin transaction confirmation time to be around 60 minutes considering a 6 blocks confirmation. The consensus rules secures and maintain the globally accepted state of the blockchain but come at the cost of scalability.īitcoin solves consensus and security by using Proof of work (PoW ) consensus which puts a hard cap of 10 minutes per block. Everyone is allowed to write to the database in a secure way provided they follow the rules of the protocol. Blockchains are distributed databases and need globally distributed nodes to store and maintain the state of the database. The idea behind Cosmos network is to have horizontal scalability. ![]() ![]() All the blockchains will implement IBCI (inter blockchain communication interface) so that they can transfer tokens and data between each other seamlessly. ![]() To create a network of blockchains Cosmos provides CosmosSDK (the application layer) and Tendermint SDK (the network and consensus layer) to give complete tools to launch a public or private blockchain. Tendermint BFT is an open source platform and can be used by any project. Cosmos uses Tendermint BFT which is PoS based consensus algorithm. Cosmos is a network of interoperable blockchains.
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